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Restructuring Asthma Care in a Hospital Setting to Improve Outcomes^*

^* From the Division of Allergy (Dr. Evans and Ms. Sawyer), Statistical Sciences and Epidemiology Program/Outcomes Research Program (Drs. LeBailly and Christoffel), Pulmonary Unit/Allergy Clinic (Ms. Gordon), and the Division of Quality Improvement (Ms. Pearce), Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL.

Correspondence to: Richard Evans III, MD, MPH, Division Head of Allergy, Box 60, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614; e-mail: revans{at}nwu.edu

Study objectives: To restructure asthma care as the pilot program in hospital-wide redesign aimed at providing better and more standardized care. We chose asthma care to begin our reorganization because it is the highest-volume diagnosis at our hospital and it involves a broad spectrum of services.

Design: Key elements of our restructuring included the following: (1) establishing a pulmonary unit with expanded bed capacity from 8 to 22 beds for asthma patients; (2) standardized treatment protocols; (3) availability of direct admission by primary care physicians who maintained management of their patients with the option of consultation with a specialist; and (4) use of case managers who helped patients and their families overcome obstacles to optimum care.

Setting: A hospital serving a high proportion of Medicaid patients.

Patients/participants: Children with asthma and their families.

Interventions: Standardized care for asthma; use of case managers to facilitate adherence to treatment.

Results: With the restructured asthma care program, parent satisfaction with treatment was sustained; the average length of stay and use of the emergency department (ED) were reduced; observation unit use increased; and there were fewer readmissions to both the inpatient unit and the ED.

Conclusions: We conclude that an inner-city hospital can provide optimum care for asthma patients by standardizing treatment, aggregating asthma patients in one location, and providing education and follow-up through the use of case managers. The protocol shifts some costs from expensive services such as the pediatric ICU and the ED to less costly case management and outreach personnel. In the long run, this allocation of resources should help to lower costs as well as improve quality of care.

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